智邦网
2020-10-17 智邦网
编译 致远
据美国insidedefense网报道，10月15日，白宫发布新的《国家关键与新兴技术战略》，提出加强人工智能、量子信息科学等领域技术研发的重点与途径，“鼓励美国政府齐心协力，建立完善框架体系，缜密规划，统筹协调，促进多个领域技术开发”。
美商务部主要负责出口控制和各部门业务协调。
该战略提出两大支柱，即“推动”美国技术研发和“保护”技术。
“推动”方面。包括熟悉的高级“优先行动”，包括培养高素质科技人才，减少法规限制，提高政府研究发展经费投入；
“保护”方面。防止中、俄等竞争国采用“非法手段”获取美国知识产权，列出“在技术开发早期阶段进行安全设计，并与盟友和合作伙伴统一行动”的优先行动计划。
该战略提出政府部门提交国家安全委员会作为优先重点的20个具体技术领域，该清单将每年组织审查和更新：
•高级计算
•先进常规武器技术
•高级材料工程
•先进制造
•高级传感
•航空发动机技术
•农业技术
•人工智能
•自主系统
•生物技术
•化学、生物、放射和核减缓技术
•通信与网络技术
•数据科学与存储
•分布式分类技术
•能源技术
•人机接口
•医疗与公共卫生技术
•量子信息科学
•半导体和微电子学
•航天技术
White House releases ‘National Strategy for Critical and Emerging Technologies’
The White House has released a new “National Strategy for Critical and Emerging Technologies” outlining the Trump administration’s approach to promoting and protecting U.S. developments in fields like artificial intelligence and quantum information science.
The strategy released today “encourages unity of effort across the United States Government and provides a framework from which deliberate actions will affect multiple technology areas in a coordinated manner.”
A senior administration official, speaking on background with reporters, said the Commerce Department will continue to serve as the lead agency for export controls, but the strategy is intended to ensure coordination among different departments.
“This strategy is a product of bringing all those department and agencies together so we have a common picture and a common set of priorities so that again the government would function as a team across those departments and agencies to make sure we’re focusing on those most critical technologies for the future,” the official said.
The strategy lays out two pillars, one to “promote” U.S. technologies and the other to “protect” them.
The “promote” pillar includes familiar, high-level “priority actions,” including developing a high-quality science and technology workforce, reducing regulations, and increasing government investments in research and development.
The “protect” pillar involves preventing competitor nations like China and Russia from using “illicit means” to obtain U.S. intellectual property. The pillar also lays out a priority action to “require security design early in the technology development stages, and work with allies and partners to take similar action.”
Additionally, officials want to ensure partner and allied countries have something similar to the U.S. Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States.
“We want to encourage our likeminded partners and allies who don’t already have robust systems for controlling outside investments and ensuring it doesn’t pose a security threat,” the administration official said.
The strategy highlights 20 specific technology areas “that United States Government Departments and Agencies identified to the National Security Council staff as priorities for their missions.” The document states the list will be reviewed and updated annually. The areas are:
- Advanced computing
- Advanced conventional weapons technologies
- Advanced engineering materials
- Advanced manufacturing
- Advanced sensing
- Aero-engine technologies
- Agricultural technologies
- Artificial intelligence
- Autonomous systems
- Biotechnologies
- Chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) mitigation technologies
- Communication and networking technologies
- Data science and storage
- Distributed ledger technologies
- Energy technologies
- Human-machine interfaces
- Medical and public health technologies
- Quantum information science
- Semiconductors and microelectronics
- Space technologies
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