智邦网
2020-10-30 智邦网
编译 致远
10月29日，美国防部颁布《电磁频谱优先战略》，旨在推动电磁频谱能力发展，加强合作伙伴关系，提高战备水平，以保持对复杂作战对手竞争优势。
近年来，作战对手通过干扰、欺骗通信雷达和弹药等方法来破坏美军电磁波谱，在陆海空天网络和电磁领域的优势面临作战对手严峻挑战，要求国防部推动电磁频谱改革，以“保持全域优势”。
该战略提出五大战略目标及子目标，包括：
- 发展高水平的电磁频谱能力；
- 构建敏捷、综合集成一体化电磁频谱基础架构；
- 全面增强部队电磁频谱战备水平；
- 为确保电磁频谱优势建立持久合作伙伴关系；
- 建立有效的电磁频谱规范管理体系。
该战略综合了国防部《2013年电磁频谱战略》和《2017年电子战战略》的概念和相关倡议，将对整个国防部系统产生全面深刻影响。
战略提出，国防部已由过去电子战独立于频谱管理的定义转向更一体化的“电磁频谱战”概念。美联合参谋部今年5月将电子战作战原则更新为“电磁频谱战”。
美参联会副主席宣布，将由电磁频谱作战跨部门小组制定电磁频谱战路线图和实施规划，并于2021年3月明确实施路径。
DoD unveils electromagnetic spectrum superiority strategy
WASHINGTON — The U.S. Department of Defense released its highly anticipated electromagnetic spectrum superiority strategy Thursday, aimed at guiding how the department will develop capabilities as well as partner on and pursue readiness within the spectrum to gain an edge on sophisticated adversaries.
In recent years, U.S. adversaries have sought high-tech methods to deny the electromagnetic spectrum, on which American forces often rely. These methods include jamming or spoofing communications, radars and munitions.
“The Nation has entered an age of warfighting wherein U.S. dominance in air, land, sea, space, cyberspace, and the electromagnetic spectrum (EMS) is challenged by peer and near peer adversaries,” the strategy stated. “These challenges have exposed the cross-cutting reliance of U.S. Forces on the EMS, and are driving a change in how the DoD approaches activities in the EMS to maintain an all-domain advantage.”
“This jeopardizes the U.S. military’s ability to sense, command, control, communicate, test, train, protect, and project force effectively. Without the capabilities to assert EMS superiority, the nation’s economic and national security will be exposed to undue and significant risk.”
The strategy lists five strategic goals, each delving deeper into subordinate objectives. They include:
- Develop superior EMS capabilities.
- Evolve to an agile and fully integrated EMS infrastructure.
- Pursue total force readiness in the EMS.
- Secure enduring partnerships for EMS advantage.
- Establish effective EMS governance.
“The new strategy will have wide-ranging impacts across the DoD. It will shape the future of the department, influencing how the DoD makes decisions on how best to design, resource and implement EMS concepts as a new foundation for multidomain war fighting,” a defense official said Oct. 29 during a briefing to reporters on the strategy on background because the DoD would not let them speak on-the-record.
The Pentagon needs a top-down vision to help guide operations, investments and capabilities within the electromagnetic spectrum.
The strategy pulls from previous concepts and initiatives such as the 2013 Electromagnetic Spectrum Strategy and the 2017 electronic warfare strategy. However, since those documents were devised, the operational environment has become more complex.
“The primary focus is a holistic approach to electromagnetic spectrum management and electromagnetic warfare,” the official said regarding departures from previous strategies.
In the past, the official said, some of those activities were siloed while the new strategy articulates freedom of action within the spectrum through a more holistic approach.
The strategy also noted that the DoD is transitioning from its definition that electronic warfare is separate from spectrum management to a more unified approach of electromagnetic spectrum operations, or EMSO.
The Joint Staff updated its doctrine document in May governing electronic warfare, shifting to EMSO.
The official said some of the particular technologies the department is looking for include dynamic spectrum-sharing technologies that need to incorporate sensing, accessing, sharing and maneuvers, frequency agility, frequency diversity, tools that minimize an EMS footprint, tools to reduce vulnerability detection, and resiliency against radio frequency-enabled cyberattacks.
“We’re also emphasizing modular, open-systems approaches, software designed systems, [a] more platform-agnostic approach instead of defined platforms as well as being multifunction,” the official said.
The strategy paints broad strokes for what’s desired and required beneath each strategic goal. However, the Pentagon is still working on a formal implementation plan to ingrain them within the department and armed services.
Within 180 days of being officially signed, the senior designated official, who is currently the vice chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, will create a road map and implementation plan alongside the Electromagnetic Spectrum Operations Cross-Functional Team. A defense official said the way forward should be finalized by March 2021.
That plan will have a series of tasks aligned to the five goals. What’s more, the implementation team will identify risks to the department and outline trade-offs that must be made against other priorities within the Pentagon, the official said.
“As part of the implementation plan, we are trying to set the conditions to make the appropriate trades that are going to be necessary with all the different priorities and the modernization efforts that are going to be required as part of this strategy execution,” the official said.
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